Mubusanzwe hariho ingamba ebyiri zo kumenya indwara zanduza: kumenya virusi ubwayo cyangwa kumenya antibodies zakozwe numubiri wumuntu kugirango zirwanye virusi.Kumenya indwara ziterwa na virusi birashobora kumenya antigene (ubusanzwe poroteyine zo hejuru ziterwa na virusi, zimwe zikoresha poroteyine zo mu kirere).Urashobora kandi gupima acide nucleic.Niba hari aside ya nucleique, antigen na antibody byagaragaye mumazi yumubiri wumurwayi, bivuze ko yanduye.

Kumenya aside nucleique: ibisabwa cyane mubidukikije bya laboratoire, abakozi bapima, ibikoresho, nibindi, sensibilité yo gutahura neza, umwihariko, muri rusange ibisubizo byamasaha 2-3.Kumenya Antibody: kubaga biroroshye kandi byoroshye, bikwiranye numubare munini ukekwaho kwandura no kwandura ubwenegihugu udafite ubwenegihugu, ibisubizo byihuse ni muminota 15.Kumenya antigen: ibisabwa muri laboratoire, birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima hakiri kare, kwisuzumisha hakiri kare, bikwiriye kwipimisha nini mubitaro byibanze, ibisubizo byihuse muminota 15.Kugeza ubu, aside nucleique ikoreshwa cyane, ibyiyumvo byihariye na antibody ya reagent ya antibody na antigen igarukira, buriwese afite ibyo yibandaho, kandi ntashobora gusimburana.Gukomatanya gukoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo gutahura birashobora kugabanya neza igihe cyamadirishya yo gutahura no kuzamura igipimo cyiza cyo gutahura.Niba ukeneye antigen na antibody detection ikamba rishya, nyamuneka twandikire, dufite ibicuruzwa byerekana neza.